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  3. In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中

In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中

游客2023-06-25  26
问题    In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.
   But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied. In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientists and technicians to return to Latin America.
   In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program’ s Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate (移居国外的) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain from these countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.
   Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce. As a result, there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue. [br] According to the passage, which of the following is incorrect?
选项 A、To the developing countries, sending students to the industrialized countries can better meet their own needs for modernization.
B、It was since the 1920s that the South American countries have been sending students to developed countries.
C、Many people who are trained abroad choose to remain in the developed countries rather than come back to serve their home countries.
D、The International Organization for Migration successfully helped over 1 ,600 professionals return to their own countries in a single year.
答案 B
解析 由第一段第二句可知，送学生去工业化国家留学对发展中国家实现现代化有益，故A项陈述正确；由第二段第一句可知，许多留学生学成后选择待在发达国家，而不是回国效力，故C项陈述正确；由第二段最后一句可知，国际移民组织在1974年使1600多名科技人才和技术人员返回到拉美，故D项陈述正确。而第一段第一句表明，许多发展中国家在20世纪下半叶开始派留学生去工业化国家继续深造，由此可知B项错误。故选B。
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