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  3. 共用题干 Spacing in Animals1. Any observant

共用题干 Spacing in Animals1. Any observant

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问题 共用题干Spacing in Animals
1. Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees.“Flight distance”is the terms used for this interspecies spacing.As a general rule,there is a positive relationship between the size of an ani-mal and its flight distance-the larger the animal,the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy.An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards a-way .The wall lizard's flight distance,on the other hand,is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
2. Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction.“Criti-cal distance”includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome.If the man continues the approach,he soon penetrates the lion's critical distance,at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.
3. Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fa-tal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies.Social distance is not simply the dis-tance at which an animal will lose contact with his group-that is,the distance at which it can no longer see,hear,or smell the group-it is rather a psychological distance,one at which the ani- mal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits.We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.
4. Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short-apparently only a few yards- among some animals,and quite long among others.
5. Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation.When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother's voice,social dis-tance may be the length of her reach .This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo .When the baby approaches a certain point,the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger,social distance shrinks.To show this in man,one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.Paragraph 1______A: Philosophical distanceB: Flight distanceC: Social distance is determined in part by the situationD: Critical distanceE: Social distanceF: Physical distance
选项 Paragraph 1______
A: Philosophical distance
B: Flight distance
C: Social distance is determined in part by the situation
D: Critical distance
E: Social distance
F: Physical distance
答案 B
解析 “‘Flight distance' is the terms used for this interspecies spacing.”“逃离距离”是用来描述物种间的这种间隔距离的术语。


这一段一开头就提到，危险距离指的是逃离距离和进攻距离之间的狭窄区域。


这段讲的就是动物间的社会距离的概念及其重要性。


这一段第一句话就提到“社会距离不是不变的，而是部分取决于环境的。”


答案可以从第一段找到，最符合原文对flight distance下的定义。


“...at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.”这时走投无路的狮子调转过头来，开始慢慢地前进，接近人。所以当动物危险距离被入侵时，动物开始攻击。


根据文章，社会距离指心理距离。原句：… it is rather a psychological distance.


动物间的社会距离不同。文中原句为：Social distance varies from species to species.
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