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  3. 共用题干 Early or Later Day Care The Britis

共用题干 Early or Later Day Care The Britis

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问题 共用题干Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?A: Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children o-ver three.B: The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of per-sonality.C: Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.D: Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for chil- dren at the age of three or older.
选项 Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A: Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children o-ver three.
B: The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of per-sonality.
C: Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
D: Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for chil- dren at the age of three or older.
答案 B
解析 波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。三岁以下的孩子如与父母分开可能会给孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后的情感问题。因此可以认为波比会同意B。


B是菠比的思想，而术是依据他的思想得出的结论，因此不对。第一段的第二句话说：一些人仄波比的研究得出结论，日托会使父母和孩子分开，孩子三岁之前不应该送日托。因此D是正确答案。


第二段的第一句话说：人类学家指出，现代社会中父母与孩子之间的被隔离的爱在传统社会中一般不存在。insulated（绝缘的）一词与A中的exclusive（排他的）相呼应。文章只是在第二段的第一句中提到传统社会，仅从这句话不能推断出B、C、D。


第二段列出了三条论据反对波比的理论。这三条论据分别对应C、B、A。“父母们觉得眼前的后果难以应付”不是反对波比理论的论据。


作者中立地报道了对日托的两种不同看法，并指出缺乏统计研究。特别是在第三段的第二句话中提出，日托是否会在巧年或20年后导致精神病或犯罪只能用统计的方法来研究。因此B是正确答案。
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