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共用题干 Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDo

资格题库2022-08-02  39
问题 共用题干Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.
The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested
healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.The person who had tested healthy before the study______.A: dropped outB: passed awayC: was found to have cancerD: was found to remain healthy
选项 The person who had tested healthy before the study______.
A: dropped out
B: passed away
C: was found to have cancer
D: was found to remain healthy
答案 C
解析 第四段尤其第一句明确说到英国的一所医院的研究小组进行这项试验。


第六段第二句说，科学家报告，平均成功率为41%。


第四段最后一句说，尿液的收集来自膀耽癌病人、其他病人和健康人。第八段又说，总共有36位膀耽癌病人和108位其他人参加。


第九段说到，这位以前被检查为健康的人被确认患有癌症，医生查出右肾长有瘤子。


最后一段三个句子分别证明A、C、D三个选项是正确的，只有B项没有提到，根据推理，也不可能是正确的。
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