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  3. 共用题干 Fermi ProblemOn a Monday morning i

共用题干 Fermi ProblemOn a Monday morning i

资格题库2022-08-02  38
问题 共用题干Fermi Problem
On a Monday morning in July,the world's first atom bomb exploded in New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later,the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi and his team stood.After a mental calculation,Fermi announced to his team that the bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed,but not sur-prised.Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world.In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize.Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction,leading us into the nuclear age .Since Fermi's death in 1954,no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist（实验室）and a leading theoretician（理论学家）.
Like all virtuosos（大师）,Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small,manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.
To develop this talent in his students,Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem.Upon first hearing one of these,you haven't the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems,each answerable without the help of experts or books,you can come close to the exact solution.
Suppose you want to determine earth's circumference without looking it up.Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours.Three hours is one-eighth of a day,and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation（旋转）,so its circumference must be eight times 3 ,000 or 24,000 mi-les .This answer differs from the true value,24,902 .45 miles,by less than four percent.
Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions.It doesn't matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles.Looking up the answer,or letting someone else find it,deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity,and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confidence.Thus,approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.Then the fourth paragraph tells us how Fermi solved the problem of earth's circumference without looking up.A: RightB: WrongC:Not mentioned
选项 Then the fourth paragraph tells us how Fermi solved the problem of earth's circumference without looking up.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案 B
解析 答案的依据是第一段第三句话：“ After a mental calculation , Fermi announced to hiteam that the bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed , but not surprised. ” Fermi在做了一番心算以后，得出了该原子弹具有相当于 10,000吨TNT的爆炸力。他的话给队员们留下了深刻的印象。很显然给队员们留下深刻印象是因为他能在脑海里算出原子弹的爆炸力。因此题干叙述正确。


文章第一段中提到：“ In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction… ” Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖，四年以后才成功地实现了核连锁反应。所以题干的说法是错误的。


答案的依据是第二段的第三句：“ He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small , manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.”题干只不过是换了一种表达方式。


答案的依据是第三段的内容。第一句中的his talent指第二段提到的将难以解决的问题分解成几个容易处理的小问题。第三段对这种解决问题的方法又进一步作了描写。


第四段是为第二段和第三段的内容提供实际例子，即Fermi problem的实际运用，并不是Fermi在解决地球周长这个问题。由此可见，题干的说法是错误的。


最后段是全篇的结论，强调了Fermi问题的价值“Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions”。


文章根本没有提到他发明了一台能精确计量炸弹能量的仪器。
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