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共用题干 More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScie

考试题库2022-08-02  8
问题 共用题干More about Alzheimer's Disease
Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.
The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.
“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”
Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.
Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.
The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.
One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.
A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic
test can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promising
tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.Which of the following about the relationship between Alzheimer's and dementia is true?A: Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer's.B: Alzheimer's is one of the causes of dementia.C: They are two completely different diseases.D: They are similar defects of the human brain.
选项 Which of the following about the relationship between Alzheimer's and dementia is true?
A: Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer's.
B: Alzheimer's is one of the causes of dementia.
C: They are two completely different diseases.
D: They are similar defects of the human brain.
答案 A
解析 题干意为“通过采用采用皮肤化验的新方法，医生们将来可能会……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语newly developed skin tests , in the future , doctors作为定位线索，在第 一段中找到相关句：Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians (doctors的近义词）to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder．相关句提到“科学家们发现，采用皮肤化验的方法可以判断病人是否患有老年痴呆症，而且最终有助于医生预测哪些人有患上这种神经功能紊乱性疾病的危险”，由此可知答案为C项“预测谁会患老年痴呆症”。
题干意为“短文表明老年痴呆病是一种……疾病”。题干中没有细节信息词可以作用定位线索，备选项中的细节信息词也很少，利用备选项中的细节信息短语people, old and young作为定位线索，备选项中出现了大量的修饰词common“共有的”, costly“昂贵的”, easy“容易的”，也关注这些修饰词在短文中的出现情况，这样在第二段中找到相关句： The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive ( costly的近义词）series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia．相关句提到 “要诊断一个病人是否患有这类疾病，目前唯一的方法是进行一系列长期而昂贵的化验，以排除导致痴呆的其他病因”，这表明要诊断一个病人是否患有老年痴呆病病不是容易的事情，因此D项“不容易被确诊”是答案。
题干意为“关于老年痴来症的陈述哪个不正确？”题干中没有任何细节信息词可以利用，因此只能对备选项进行判断。（第四段）Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the dis-ease．划线句提到“对于这种疾病（回指上文中提到的老年痴呆病）还没有已知的治疗方法”，这与D项“现在已经有很多方法可以用来治疗这种疾病”意义不一致。
题干意为“关于老年痴呆病和痴呆之间的关系，下面哪个选项陈述的意义正确？”利用题干中的细节信息词dementia作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句，相关句提到“科学家认为皮肤细胞有缺陷这个事实表明，老年痴呆是由人体全身的生理变化引起的，而且大脑细胞受损带来的变化所产生的最为明显的后果就是痴呆”。由此可知痴呆是老年痴呆症的一种症状表现，因此答案为A。
题干意为“最后一段暗示诊断性化验……”。最后一段发言人谈到这一实验的前途较为含蓄，只是说如果能证明有效自然是一大发展。但是提醒人们以前的实验看似很有前途，结果却令人失望。只有C项“可能被证实无效”符合这一段的蕴涵意义。
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