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共用题干 ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChild

资格题库2022-08-02  27
问题 共用题干ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems,seen as early as grade school,if their no-ses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study.Released when things aren't burned completely,this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.The biggest sources of these PAHs:the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City.She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health.In a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PAHs,ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid．
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.The reason:Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb.Nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9 .They asked each child's mother a series of questions.These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（长期的）mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The sci-entists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mis-takes .All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD.About one in U.S.children has ADHD.
Among the women studied,traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood .Others had high levels.Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9 .The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
选项 The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案 A
解析 根据第二段中“In a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City.”可知，她们只是在纽约市挑选不吸烟的孕妇，因此题干叙述错误，选B。


根据第二段“The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PAHs, ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.”可知，研究的目的是找出除香烟外其他能排放多环芳烃的原料。题干陈述的是所有可以排放多环芳烃的原料，与原文不符。故选B。


由第二段内容可知，研究者们选择不吸烟的妈妈，是已经知道了香烟可以释放多环芳烃，为了排除香烟对研究结果的影响，而找出其他可以排放多环芳烃的物质。因此题干叙述错误，选B。


与该题相关的信息在第三段首句，首句只是提到在每个妇女孕期测试她们的血液，但并没有说每月测一次，多久测一次文中并未提到。因此本题选C。


文章中并未提到患有注意缺陷多动障碍的儿童在学校经常失败，故选C。


根据最后一段“Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9.”可知，血液中多环芳烃含量高的妇女，她们的孩子更有可能患有注意缺陷多动障碍。句子中的attention problems指的就是ADHD。


文章第一段最后一句“The biggest sources of these PAHs:the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.”提出，多环芳烃的最大来源是化石、木材和废物的燃烧。而交通和家庭产热只是研究范围内的最大多环芳烃产生来源。因此题干叙述错误，选B。
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