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共用题干 Scotland:A Land of WisdomIn the 17

资格题库2022-08-02  28
问题 共用题干Scotland:A Land of Wisdom
In the 1740s,the famous French philosopher Voltaire said"We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization."That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.
According to the American author Arthur Herman,the Scots invented the modem world it-self. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics.Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals,but to those people in business,government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.
It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运动）, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800.Before that,philosophy was mainly concerned with religion.For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment,the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.
Their reasoning was practical.For the philosopher David Hume,humanity was the right sub-ject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how peo-ple think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved,for universal benefit.
Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method- the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh,Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade,he ar-gued,was a form of information .In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets,we all come to benefit each other.
Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics.It also has wide applications.He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich,free and powerful through
peace,trade and invention.
Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago,the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin（构成……的基础）our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation （方向）.Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place.A:RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
选项 Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案 B
解析 该题说的是：苏格兰是获得一流教育的地方。这个命题是正确的。答案可以在第一段中找到。


该题说的是：根据Arthur Herman，苏格兰人提出了许多现代生活赖以生存的思想。这个命题是对的，答案可以从第二段中找到。


该题说的是：哲学家甚至在苏格兰启蒙运动产生前就已经认识到研究人性的重要性。这个命题是不正确的。第三段有这么一个句子：在这之前，哲学主要关心的是宗教。“在这之前”是指在苏格兰启蒙运动产生之前。


该题说的是：David Hume是第一位研究人类的哲学家。这个命题文章中没有表达。


该题说的是：Smith的思想有广泛的应用。这个命题是正确的。倒数第二段中 "Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics. It also has wide applications.”意思是Smith的思想支配着现代经济学的观点，并且也有广泛的应用。


该题说的是：我们当前的有关人类的交流和探索跟苏格兰启蒙运动时期提出的思想完全没有关系。这个命题是不正确的。最后一段中有这样一个句子：虽然苏格兰启蒙运动早就结束了，那个时期形成的思想仍然构成了我们有关人类的交流和探索的基础。


该题说的是：Smith死于1800年。文章没有提到。
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