Text l How,when and where death happens

最全题库2022-08-02 27

问题 Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.A ceniury ago,death was characterized as being_____A.quickB.slowC.medicalisedD.peaceful

选项 A.quick
B.slow
C.medicalised
D.peaceful

答案 A

解析 [信息锁定]第一段首句总括：一个世纪以来，死亡的方式、时间及地点都发生了变化。随后各句具体解释变化的具体内容：全球一半、甚至三分之二的死者都因慢性病致死，富裕国家的死者多半历经多年不规则的衰竭过程，三分之二的死者在医院或疗养院离世前都接受过一次强过一次的绝望治疗。由此可见，一个世纪以来的死亡更为“长期而缓慢”、“死干医院或疗养院”，借此可反推过去一个世纪里，死亡应该具有“短暂、突然、死于家中”的特征，故A.正确。[解题技巧]B.为一个世纪以来死亡特征；C.源自第二段②句lhese medicalised deaths，借其回指功能可知它实指一个世纪以来的死亡特征．D.源自第二段④句at peace，而该句实质以当前人们愿望“愿安详离去”反衬医疗化死亡的”痛苦”，但并不能由此推知一个世纪以前的死亡就是“安详的”，因为其后⑤句明显指出了“有些死亡是不可避免地要遭受痛苦”。

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英语二研究生

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Text l How,when and where death happens

英语二研究生

研究生入学