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Text l Americans,we are told,believe in

最全题库2022-08-02  98
问题 Text l Americans,we are told,believe in competition.But a shockingly large number of workers-30 million-are shackled by what are called"noncompetes,"which are agreements forbidding employees to leave their job to work for a competitor or to start their own competing business.And the number is growing fast.Once reserved for a corporation's most treasured rainmakers,noncompetes are now routinely applied to low-wage workers like warehouse employees,fast-food workers and even dog sitters.Like other anti-competitive practices,they poison our economy in larger,less perceptible ways.A report from the Treasury Department suggests that noncompetes should be banned for all employees,regardless of skill,industry or wage;they simply do more harm than good.Because laws governing noncompetes vary from state to state,we can analyze the effects of these kinds of contracts on wages,competition and labor mobility.The evidence shows wages in states that enforce noncompetes are 10 percent lower than in states that restrict their use.The Treasury Department concluded in its recent report that"by reducing workers'job options,noncompete agreements force workers to accept lower wages in their current jobs,and may sometimes induce workers to leave their occupations entirely,forgoing accumulated human capital."Workers shackled by noncompetes cannot rely on outside offers and free-market competition to fairly value their talents.Without incentives to increase wages in-house,companies can allow salaries to plateau.California and Massachusetts offer a case study within the high-tech industry.California strictly voids all noncompete agreements.Massachusetts,like most other states,enforces noncompetes.Both states enjoyed an early boom within the high-tech market,but California's Silicon Valley has continued growing,while Massachusetts has sputtered.In Massachusetts the enforcement of those agreements kept out new businesses by preventing people most likely to start new businesses-experienced former employees-from staying in the region.Meanwhile,in Silicon Valley,entrepreneurial activity flourished;thanks to California's refusal to enforce all noncompetes（including those from other jurisdictions）,it remains the tech center of the world.The best companies already realize the damaging effect of post-employment restrictions.Companies with little turnover risk becoming stagnant and short-sighted.In fact,relying on noncompetes rather than active recruitment and retention creates a market for lemons-a business will end up with employees who stay despite their unhappiness.Smart leaders treat departing employees as alumni,rather than sour exes in a divorce.But too many other employers have become increasingly inclined to bring disagreements with their former employees to court,relying on noncompetes rather than positive incentives to retain the best talent and reduce the competition.The liberty to move in the job market not only supports workers'choice,equality and wage growth but also creates the competition that catalyzes entrepreneurship,innovation and overall economic growth.If we want a healthy and free market,we should not shackle workers to the first business that offers them a job.Let them compete.The word"shackled"（Line 2,Para.1）is closest in meaning to____.A.authorizedB.unitedC.guidedD.bound
选项 A.authorized
B.united
C.guided
D.bound
答案 D
解析 [信息锁定]首先，根据被考阋所在句（②句）句意“数量多得惊人的劳动者被所谓noncompetes____,noncomperes是一纸协议，用以禁止员工跳槽至竞争对手或自创竞争性门户”可知“noncompetes是一种降低竞争的劳动合同”；然后，根据①句句意“美国人崇尚竞争”及其与②句间转折关联（But）可知“noncompetes给劳动者（美国人民）带来负面影响”．纵观选项，唯有D.贴合负面文意色彩，故正确。[解题技巧]A.、B.、C.均与文意色彩相差甚远；其中A.根据argeements暗藏“赋予人权利”捏造而来．B.将劳动合同偷换为劳动者同盟协议，进而捏造出“劳动者同盟协议有助劳动者联结在一起”，C.将协议强制性质偷换为建议指导性质。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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