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  3. Text 2 An article in Scientific America

Text 2 An article in Scientific America

最全题库2022-08-02  31
问题 Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves’from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which must did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who selfenhance the must（that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real）were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher selfesteem.“I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’.If you are depressed,you won't be selfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epley's study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level,they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves.Facebook therefore,is a selfenhancer's paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.“It's not that people's profiles are dishonest”,says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.The word“viscerally”（Line 2,Para.5）is closest in meaning to____A.instinctivelyB.occasionallyC.particularlyD.aggressively
选项 A.instinctively
B.occasionally
C.particularly
D.aggressively
答案 A
解析 词义推理题【命题思路】这是一道词义题。词义题的解题方式之一就是通过文中给出的线索，例如破折号，同位语，以及一些短语，如that is，in other words等进行判断。这道题的解题线索就是破折号。【直击答案】根据题干定位到第五段第一句话，viscerally之后有一个明显的解题线索：破折号。该句明确告知考生上半句的“the results of Epley's study”即是后半句现象“hate photographs of themselves so viscerally”理解的依据。而Epley的研究结果表明人们美化自己的做法是一种本能的反应。这就解释了很多人不喜欢自己的照片这一现象。因此正确答案为A项“本能地”。【干扰排除】文章首段就提出人们总是认为自己比自己的实际面貌更漂亮，也就是说他们总是讨厌真实的自己，因而B项occasionally“偶尔的”，与原文信息不符。Epley的研究发现这一点是人们自动的，没有特意思考的一种心理过程，因此C项错误。同时，作者只是客观地描述了人们的这一心理过程，并没有对此做出负面的评价，因此D项aggressively，“具有侵略性的”，与原文意思不符。
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