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  3. Text 2 An article in Scientific America

Text 2 An article in Scientific America

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问题 Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves’from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which must did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who selfenhance the must（that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real）were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher selfesteem.“I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’.If you are depressed,you won't be selfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epley's study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level,they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves.Facebook therefore,is a selfenhancer's paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.“It's not that people's profiles are dishonest”,says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.According to the first paragraph,social psychologists have found that_____A.our selfratings are unrealistically highB.illusory superiority is a baseless effectC.our need for leadership is unnaturalD.selfenhancing strategies are ineffective
选项 A.our selfratings are unrealistically high
B.illusory superiority is a baseless effect
C.our need for leadership is unnatural
D.selfenhancing strategies are ineffective
答案 A
解析 推理题【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题。考生要明确判断出研究结果，也就是论点。【直击答案】根据题干定位到第一段。该段第一句提到，实证研究表明人们总是认为自己比自己的实际面貌更漂亮，即人们对自己的评价过高。此外，最后一句提到所有的这些数据都不可能实现，其中“impossibilities”对应A项中“unrealistically high”，因此正确答案为A项。【干扰排除】第一段第二句提到了“illusory superiority”这一概念，但在第二句中表明这种自我感觉良好（illusory superiority）是源于人们的心理需求，而非毫无根据（baseless），B项与原文相反。领导能力（leadership）方面的评价作为一个论据出现在该句，而题干考查的是论点，因此排除C项。该句还提到我们使用了一些“selfenhancing strategies”来做研究，并得到了结果，这说明自我提高策略是有效的，而并非D项所描述的“ineffective”（无效的），故排除。
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