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  3. The journal Science is adding an extra r

The journal Science is adding an extra r

资格题库2022-08-02  40
问题 The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.　“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.　Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, Mc Nutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”　Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role”. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science”.　John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue”. “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.　Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ______.A. Science intends to simplify its peer-review processB. journals are strengthening their statistical checksC. few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysisD. lack of data analysis is common in research projects
选项 A. Science intends to simplify its peer-review process
B. journals are strengthening their statistical checks
C. few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
D. lack of data analysis is common in research projects
答案 B
解析 事实细节题。文章第一段首句提到“The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process (《科学》期刊将要在同行评审程序中增加一轮统计检查流程)”，由此可知该期刊的同业评审过程得到了加强，而不是简化，因此A项错误，B项正确。第一段段末明确提到许多研究中数据分析都有错误。C项表述与此相反。原文提到的是“数据分析错误”很普遍，不是缺乏数据分析，D项错误。
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