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  3. 　“There is one and only one social respo

　“There is one and only one social respo

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问题 　“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.　　The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.　　Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.　　The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.　　In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.　　Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ______.A. guarding it against malpracticesB. protecting it from being defamedC. winning trust from consumersD. raising the quality of its products
选项 A. guarding it against malpractices
B. protecting it from being defamed
C. winning trust from consumers
D. raising the quality of its products
答案 C
解析 事实细节题。文章第二段主要从三个方面讲述了CSR对于大公司的帮助。其中第二点提到，消费者可能会乐意购买该公司的产品，以间接捐助其慈善事业。该段最后一句提到第三点“…whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others”，也就是说公司做的这些善事能够赢得消费者的好感，所以这两点都是在强调公司赢得消费者的信任和关注，因此答案为C项。D项是对第一个方面的曲解，故排除。A项和B项原文中均未涉及，故排除。
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