In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supre

练习题库2022-08-02 45

问题 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.　　The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.　　Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.　　The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty”. But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.　　The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”　　But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.　　Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.　　The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials areA. justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.B. qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C. allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.D. exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

选项 A. justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
B. qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
C. allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
D. exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

答案 A

解析细节判断题。根据第五段最后一句“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns”可知，“官员要听从选民的呼声，并对他们关注的话题相应采取行动解决问题”。A选项中address the needs （解决需求）即相当于act on problems（对他们的问题采取行动）。故正确答案为A。文中提到被选举的领导可以解决官僚性问题，而不用担心被指控贿赂，而不是有能力独立处理官僚主义问题，排除B。C、D两项文中未提及，故排除。

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In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supre

英语一研究生

研究生入学