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  3. Text 1 Habits are a funny thing.We reach

Text 1 Habits are a funny thing.We reach

资格题库2022-08-02  21
问题 Text 1 Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine."Not choice,but habit rules the unreflecting herd,"William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.In the ever-changing 21st century,even the word"habit"carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we create parallel paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact,the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become,both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus,they're there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,"says Dawna Markova,author of"The Open Mind"and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners."But we are taught instead to'decide,'just as our president calls himself'the Decider.'"She adds,however,that"to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware,she says.Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways:analytically,procedurally,relationally（or collaboratively）and innovatively.At the end of adolescence,however,the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought."This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,"explains M.J.Ryan,author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms.Markova's business partner."That's a lie that we have perpetuated,and it fosters commonness.Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence."This is where developing new habits comes in.25.Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing________A.prevents new habits form being formedB.no longer emphasizes commonnessC.maintains the inherent American thinking modelD.complies with the American belief system
选项 A.prevents new habits form being formed
B.no longer emphasizes commonness
C.maintains the inherent American thinking model
D.complies with the American belief system
答案 A
解析 文章最后一段第一句谈到“当前的标准测试强调了分析和程序的思考模式，意味着我们当中只有少数人内在的用到了我们这种创新和合作的思考模式”。这说明标准测试忽略了创新和合作的思考模式，当然就阻碍了新习惯的形成，故答案为A。B的内容是对末段出现的commonness内容的嫁接；C和D则和文章最后一段谈到的内容相反。
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英语一研究生

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