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  3. In June,California department of forestr

In June,California department of forestr

题库2022-08-02  33
问题 In June,California department of forestry and fire protection determined that 12 devastating fires that struck Northern California tate last year were the result of trees coming into contact with power lines or other problems tied to the electric utility PG&E.Thanks to a policy known as inverse conclemnation,the utility could be on the hook for those damages,even if ii is not found to be negligeni.In the past,PG&-E has paid the bills when it was blamed for fires and other damages.But the company now says it cannot keep footing the bill so long as climate change continues to increase the likelihood of fires.Millions of trees have died across California after years of intense drought.creating vast quantities of fuel that allow fires to burn faster and over greater clistances-all combined with higher temperatures.It has pushed to raise electricity rates to pay for tlie clamage.Meanwhile.state officials are pushing a change in the law.Governor Jerry Brown proposed a new plan ihat would allow a court to decide whether the utility acted"reasonably"before forcing the company to pay claims."Costly wildfires and natural disasters have the poiential to undermine the sysiem*"Brown told legislators."leaving our energy sector in a state of weakness at a time when it shoulcl be making even greater investments in safety."Within the U.S.,the debate over liability for climate change has taken several forms.On the fecleral level,proactive policymakers have pushed to rework the National Flood Insurance Program（NFIP）,which pays people to rebuild their homes after floods-even in areas where damage is likely to strike again.In effect,that program,which is more than$20 billion in clebt,put.s the burden of climate-change-related natural disasters in the hands of the U.S.government ancl the taxpayer.Infrastructure experts have also pushed the government to rethink its post disaster funding to require climate change preparedness measures.A group of pioneering American cities have sought to have the oil-and-gas industry pay for climate-change-relatecl clamages and disaster-prevention measures.A series of lawsuits have blamed the companies for years of polluting the planet while concealing evidence that emissions would contribute to devastaiing climate change.The authorities behind the lawsuits hope that courts will force the industry to pay up.Thus far,U.S.courts have expressed skepticism-not necessarily of the fault of oil and gas but of the ability of the judicial system to address the issue."The problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case,"wrote William Alsup of the U.S.District Court in Northern California.Elsewhere,a large number of litigants have also looked to the courts.Lacking other avenues for addressing the issue,people feeling the impacts of climate change are increasingly Lurning to courts to help find a global answer to a global problem.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.Who pays for climate change damage?B.What causes devastating natural disasters?C.Should oil and gas companies pay for greenhouse gas emissions?D.Should governments stress disaster prevention or disaster recovery?
选项 A.Who pays for climate change damage?
B.What causes devastating natural disasters?
C.Should oil and gas companies pay for greenhouse gas emissions?
D.Should governments stress disaster prevention or disaster recovery?
答案 A
解析 本文第一至三段讲述加州案例：加州大火频发、损失巨大，按照一项现有政策，PG&．E应为损失买单，但该公司提出气候变暖使得自然灾害无论是爆发的概率还是造成的损失都在增大，自己已无力承担，政府官员也在寻求法律改变以解决问题。第四至六段提出就“谁为气候变化负责”的争论已有数种形式，并具体阐述政策制定者、某些城市、法庭等多方观点。末段作者提出，受到气候变化冲击的人们在缺乏解决途径时日益转向求助法庭，以期就一个全球问题得到全面的答案。可见A.为全文关注问题，是恰当标题。[解题技巧]B.错误有二：首先将文章关注范围“气候变暖引发的自然灾害”扩大为“（一切）自然灾害”；其次，文章并非具体讨论灾害成因，而是谁该为灾害买单。C.过窄，虽然能概括第四、五段内容，但无力概括全篇，尤其是第三段。D.利用文中具体表述climate change preparedness、rebuild their homes after floods等设置干扰，但偏离文章内容，文章并未具体讨论灾难的预防和修复。
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