2. 公务员类
  3. 　　近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增，大量排放有害气体

　　近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增，大量排放有害气体

免费题库2022-08-02  60
问题 　　近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增，大量排放有害气体，成为危害国人身心健康的“无形杀手”。据统计，在全国总死亡人数中，呼吸系统疾病占22.64%，居死亡人数第一位，这与大气的污染有直接关系。专家分析，城市大气污染70%以上来自汽车尾气排放。北京大气中74%的碳氢化合物、63%的一氧化碳和37%的氮氧化物均来自汽车尾气。　　专家还指出，中国汽车尾气污染的根本源头是现代汽车工业技术水平低下，新车质量不高，能源消耗高。中国汽车设计与制造技术水平大多尚停留在国际60年代水平。大多数汽车装配492型发动机，整体性能差，电子喷射技术差，汽油燃烧不充分，机内净化问题没有解决好，没有严格的新车尾气排放标准。汽车尾气污染城市环境问题已引起国家有关部门及民众的高度重视，一些治理措施正在逐步有效地展开。国务院规定，中国将在2000年完全禁止生产、销售和使用含铅汽油。
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答案
解析 Over the past few years, the number of motor vehicles on Chinese roads has risen on average by some 15 percent annually. This drastic increase has created a large amount of exhaust pollution, forming an “invisible killer” menacing the health of the general public. Respiratory disease is the top cause of death in China, accounting for 22.64 percent, and this has been directly blamed on atmospheric pollution. The result of an official analysis indicates that over 70 percent of air pollution in urban areas is created by vehicle exhaust. In Beijing, for example, 74 percent of the carbon and hydrogen compound, 63 percent of carbon monoxide and 37 percent of nitrogen oxide compound in the air come from vehicle exhaust.
　　Some experts believe the basic reason is a lack of technological advances in China’s auto industry, resulting in the low quality and high energy consumption level of new models. China’s auto design and manufacturing technology remain at the international level of the 1960s. Most vehicles are equipped with the standard No. 492 engine, featuring poor properties, outdated electronic ignition technology and insufficient burning of fuel. This negatively affects the purification system, preventing proper emission control. Pollution caused by vehicle exhausts has claimed wide attention from both the general public and the government. As a result, a series of effective improvement measures have been put into effect. The State Council has issued stipulations on completely banning the production, marketing and use of leaded gasoline by 2000.
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