2. 公务员类
  3. 　　近来法律方面的研究表明，目击者在法庭上对嫌疑犯的指认并非想象中的那么可靠。记

　　近来法律方面的研究表明，目击者在法庭上对嫌疑犯的指认并非想象中的那么可靠。记

练习题库2022-08-02  79
问题 　　近来法律方面的研究表明，目击者在法庭上对嫌疑犯的指认并非想象中的那么可靠。记忆是十分复杂的，在有关我们的大脑如何工作以及我们的记忆能达到什么程度方面，人们普遍持有的一些看法常常是错误的。无论是常识还是研究都表明记忆会随时间的流逝而变得模糊。刚刚接受信息后的回忆和识别能力是最准确的，它先是迅速下降，然后逐渐减弱。拖延的时间越长，事件之后得到的信息越有可能与原始的记忆相冲突，从而降低其准确性。而且，目击者事后会看到、读到一些信息，然后将它融合进来，产生某种与所经历的事情不同的东西，使他们对事件和罪犯记忆的可靠性大大降低。对法官和陪审团来说，断定记忆最终是可靠的事实还是不可靠的编造在很大程度上似乎仍然是个挑战。
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答案
解析 Recent legal research indicates that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as reliable as commonly believed. Memory is complex and the commonly held perceptions about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. Both common sense and research say memory declines over time. The ability to recall and recognize are at their best immediately after encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere with the original memory, which reduces accuracy. Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then integrate it to produce something other than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory, of an event or offender. It seems that deciding whether any memory is to be finally assessed as reliable or the treacherous ally of invention will largely remain a challenge for judges and juries.
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