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  3. 资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of t

资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of t

练习题库2022-08-02  15
问题 资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.Which statement is true，based on Para.3?A.Hominid and panin were humans ancestors 5.4 million years ago.B.Chimpanzees existed at a branch of phylogenetic tree are called “hominid”.C.Humans on phylogenetic tree analysis are supposed to be called “panin.”D.Scientists think humans and Chimpanzees converged from a common ancestor，based on phylogenetic tree analysis.
选项 A.Hominid and panin were humans ancestors 5.4 million years ago.
B.Chimpanzees existed at a branch of phylogenetic tree are called “hominid”.
C.Humans on phylogenetic tree analysis are supposed to be called “panin.”
D.Scientists think humans and Chimpanzees converged from a common ancestor，based on phylogenetic tree analysis.
答案 D
解析 题目意为“根据第三段，以下哪项是正确的？”选项A意为“类人动物和帕宁在540万年前是人类的祖先。”第三段并未提及。选项B意为“在系统发育树的一个分支中存在的黑猩猩被称为‘原人’。”第三段并未提及。选项C意为“系统发育树中研究的人被称为‘帕宁’。”第三段并未提及。选项D意为“科学家认为，根据系统发育树分析，人类和黑猩猩是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的。”根据主题句，此选项正确。
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