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  3. In the fields of physical security and i

In the fields of physical security and i

免费题库2022-08-02  63
问题 In the fields of physical security and information security, access control is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called authorization  （授权）． An access control mechanism  （   ）   between a user (or a process executing on behalf of a user) and system resources, such as applications, operating systems, firewalls, routers, files, and databases. The system must first authenticate  （验证）  a user seeking access. Typically the authentication function determines whether the user is   （ ）   to access the system at all. Then the access control function determines if the specific requested access by this user is permitted. A security administrator maintains an authorization database that specifies what type of access to which resources is allowed for this user. The access control function consults this database to determine whether to  （  ）  access. An auditing function monitors and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources.   In practice, a number of （此空作答 ）  may cooperatively share the access control function. All operating systems have at least a rudimentary  （基本的）  , and in many cases a quite robust, access control component. Add-on security packages can add to the  （    ）  access control capabilities of the OS. Particular applications or utilities, such as a database management system, also incorporate access control functions. External devices, such as firewalls, can also provide access control services.A.components  B.users    C.mechanismsD.algorithms
选项 A.components  
B.users   
C.mechanisms
D.algorithms
答案 B
解析 在物理安全和信息安全领域，访问控制是对一个地方或其他资源的访问限制。访问的行为可能意味着消费、输入或使用。允许访问资源被称为授权访问控制机制连接用户 ( 代表用户执行的进程  )  和系统资源  (  如应用程序、操作系统、防火墙、路由器、文件和数据库  )  之间的连接。系统必须首先对用户进行身份验证。通常，身份验证功能决定用户是否被允许访问系统。然后，访问控制功能决定是否允许该用户指定的访问权限。安全管理员维护一个授权数据库，该数据库指定允许该用户访问哪些资源的类型。访问控制函数咨询此数据库以确定是否授予访问权。审计功能监视并保存用户访问系统资源的记录。在实践中，一些用户可以合作共享访问控制函数。所有操作系统都至少有一个基本的，而且在许多情况下是一个相当健壮的访问控制组件。附加安全包可以添加到操作系统的自动访问控制功能。特定的应用程序或实用程序，如数据库管理系统，也包括访问控制功能。外部设备，如防火墙，也可以提供访问控制服务。
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软件水平考试初中高级

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