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Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosine, residual fuel oil, and lubri

游客2025-07-24  8
问题     Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosine, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25 000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.
    Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.
    Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance; thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
    The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosine, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products. Some of which are used to upgrade and increase the rating of various types of gasoline. [br] Which of the following is NOT true?
选项 A、Crude oil is found below land and water.
B、Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.
C、Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface.
D、A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.
答案 B
解析 文章第一段第一句说“……原油不仅存在于地球表面下，大量的水体下也有，从地表下几千英尺深达地球内部2．5万英尺”，可见A对，B不对。第一段最后一句说“油源的压力或泵压会将原油压至表面”与C相符；最后一段第一句话说“各种各样的石油产品都是经过加热和冷凝蒸气提炼出来的”与D相符。故选B。
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