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  3. Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneou

Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneou

游客2025-05-06  21
问题     Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth’s crust, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.
Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals.  As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid clown in layers called strata.
    When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.
    Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks.  For example,  granite,  an igneous rock,  may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate. [br] If a rock formation is stratified, we may assume that it ______.
选项 A、is the result of volcanic action
B、is crystalline in structure
C、was built up over a period of years
D、is metamorphic
答案 C
解析 如果岩石的组成物变成一层又一层，我们就可以认为它的形成经历了漫长的岁月。根据第二段第三句，一层又一层截然不同的沉积物，如砾石、沙和黏土逐渐积聚，因为水和偶然的风使它们淤积，由此可以推断它们经历了漫长的岁月。
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