首页
登录
职称英语
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, workers were differentiated by s
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, workers were differentiated by s
游客
2025-05-04
20
管理
问题
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, workers were differentiated by skill, income, and relative opportunities for advancement. The unskilled fared poorly. Laborers, weavers, and mill workers, who constituted perhaps 40 percent of the urban working class, received about a dollar per day. Skilled workers—variously known as craftsman, artisans, or mechanics—received nearly double that. The tools they owned and their proficiency in using them gave skilled workers marketable assets. Working independently or with others as journeymen in small shops directed by master craftsmen, who supervised the production of goods for a custom market, they could realistically anticipate becoming masters someday.
The technological and economical changes of the nineteenth-century had a marked impact on American workers. Improvements in turnpikes(收费公里) or toll roads gave way to "canal fever" accompanied by the appearance of steamboats and, in the 1880s and 1840s, railroads. The resulting sharp reduction in transportation costs enabled sellers to compete successfully in distant markets, opening up great profit-making opportunities to efficient large-scale manufacturers. Limited custom-order and local trade gave way to a massive national market, inevitably affecting the conditions of the workers who produced for this market.
Merchants increasingly assumed control not only over the sale of goods but also over their production. Their possession of substantial capital and easy access to credit enabled them to contract for massive orders all over the country. The size of their operations enabled them to cut prices below those fixed by masters and journeymen.
On the surface, little seemed to have changed. In the typical shop the master was still the chief, and the craftsmen he presided over still owned their tools. Their style of work in many cases differed little from what it had been in the eighteenth century. But now the merchant capitalist supplied the raw materials and owned and marketed the finished product made in the shop. The masters became small contractors employed by the merchant capitalist and, in turn, employing one to a dozen journeymen. Since the profits of masters came solely out of wages and work, they sought to lessen dependence on skill and to increase speed of output. To increase profits, masters demanded greater productivity from skilled workers and resorted to cheaper labor—prisoners, women, children, and the unskilled. Under the increasing economic pressure, the apprentice system eventually broke down. (385 words) [br] Which of the following did NOT separate the skilled worker from the unskilled worker?
选项
A、Geographical location of the workplace.
B、Ownership of the tools of the trade.
C、Ability to use tools to make goods.
D、Prospect of advancement within the trade.
答案
A
解析
B、C和D项的内容在第一段里都有,故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4061736.html
相关试题推荐
Atthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury,workersweredifferentiatedbys
Atthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury,workersweredifferentiatedbys
MorechangesoccurredinAmericainthelate19thcenturythananyothertim
MorechangesoccurredinAmericainthelate19thcenturythananyothertim
Theowneroftheautoplantrefusedtoraisetheworkers’wages,sayingthatit
Ifexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotions,theworkersw
Rightnowthereisasaleof19th-centuryEuropeanPaintingsandsculptureinth
ThecreationofUNwas,perhaps,themost______achievementofthe20thcentury.A
Jack______fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafe
TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolook
随机试题
AtamusicfestivalinCaliforniainJune1967,amiddle-agedsitarplayerw
"What’sdonecannotbeundone,"moanedLadyMacbethinherfamoussleepwalki
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledPayAt
总监理工程师在签发工程暂停令时,应事先征得())单位同意。A.建设单位 B.监
黑龙江省属于寒温带与温带大陆性季风气候。()
下列错误的是:A.地级市与地区、自治州、盟属于同一行政层级 B.地级市一般管辖
共用题干 男,45岁。左上后牙咬物痛2周。半年来该处食物嵌塞不适。检查见龋洞深
甲乙在干洗机买卖合同中约定,在乙付清全部货款之前,干洗机所有权仍属于甲。随后,甲
乙公司是一家餐饮企业,主打菜品为北京传统风味。该公司在店面设计上采用老北京传统民
营运资金管理应该遵循的原则包括()A.满足合理的资金需求 B.保证一定的盈利
最新回复
(
0
)