首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classic
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classic
游客
2025-05-04
2
管理
问题
The majority of successful
senior
managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision. Rather in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality, others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least four distinct ways. First, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A second function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Third, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem not just of implementing the solution. (437 words) [br] According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following EXCEPT______.
选项
A、clarifying goals
B、bringing together disparate facts
C、checking on the results
D、bypassing in-depth analysis
答案
A
解析
根据文章第一段的介绍,“首先明确目标”属于古典型模式,所以不属于新型模式。反过来看,B、C和D项在第三段都能找到。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4061659.html
相关试题推荐
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassic
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassic
JudgmentwassuspendedtillthefollowingMondaybecauseofthelackofevidence
Lookatthismess’IfonlyI______youradvice.A、followB、hadfollowedC、wouldfo
Hersuccessfuljumpbroughta______cheerfromthecrowd.A、spontaneousB、homogen
Ifacountrywantstodevelopitseconomysuccessfully,therehastobeaclear
Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoo
Tomwasgladthathissuccesswould______forthosewhowouldfollow.A、beeasier
A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin200words.
A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout25Q-300w
随机试题
Inmanycountries,whenpeoplegivetheirname,theyrefertothemselvesus
[originaltext]M:Hi,Mary.Doyouwanttostartwritingalabreportafterwefi
A.直行和向左转弯 B.直行和向右转弯 C.禁止直行和向右转弯 D.只准向
一、某中学邀请临近社区卫生服务中心的健康管理师谢某对在校学生做“如何预防肥胖”的
与肝素样抗凝物质增多患者实验室检查不符合的是A.活化部分凝血活酶时间延长B.凝血
基础心理学是研究()。 (A)正常成人心理现象的心理学基础学科 (B
在现代经济社会条件下,政府预算所具有的作用通常被概括为()。A.向企业和居民提供
保护导体分为人工保护导体和自然保护导体。关干保护导体的说法,错误的是()
用于工艺控制、质量检测的周期检定计量器具是()A.兆欧表 B.液体流量计
男,62岁。上腹痛10天。既往高血压病史10余年,反复心前区疼痛发作2个月,口服
最新回复
(
0
)