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  3. There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. I

There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. I

游客2025-04-28  1
问题    There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.
   Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎) . Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
   Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.
   Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as vet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children. [br] Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?
选项 A、The burning of coal
B、Long-term exposure to smog
C、Exposure to nitrogen dioxide
D、Attending school camps
答案 D
解析 Attending school camps。该题要选择不是lung disease的原因的选项，另外三项在原文中作者都用确凿的口吻说明是lung disease的原因，比如第一段结尾处“A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal．”，其他 B、C两项在原文中也有涉及。而D项，Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone．这里有助于分析文章的信息来自even at quite low concentrations of ozone，而非Groups of children attending school camps，换言之，对于文章的理解而言，Groups of children attending school camps并无实际作用，只会干扰读者的分析思路。
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