首页
登录
职称英语
The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of consi
The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of consi
游客
2025-04-27
26
管理
问题
The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in which people could receive human care in hospital-like environments and treatment which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid 1800s, 20 states had established asylums, but during the late 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate sufficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prison-like. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated, and security and restraint were needed to protect patients and others. Mental institutions became frightening and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.
These conditions continued until after World War II. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses theretofore considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper exposes called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improvements were made and Dr. David Vail’s Humane Practices Program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coming until the early 1960s. At that time, the Civil Rights movement led lawyers to investigate America’s prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons-- the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their rights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered "crazy" and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people who, unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states, they were being kept in horrendous institutions, an injustice, which once exposed, was bound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience. Patients’ rights groups successfully encouraged reform by lobbying in state legislatures.
Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day-to-day care simply cannot be mandated by a court, so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delivery of mental health care and assurance of patient rights and return it to the state mental healty administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, administrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to assure that treatment is given and patient rights are respected. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that, had the Civil Rights movement not prompted an investigation of prison conditions, ______.
选项
A、states would never have established asylums for the mentally ill
B、new treatments for major mental illness would have likely remained untested
C、the Civil Rights movement in America would have been politically ineffective
D、conditions in mental hospitals might have escaped judicial scrutiny
答案
D
解析
根据短文可以推断,如果民权运动没有引起对监狱状况的调查,精神病院的状况有可能逃避了司法检查。作者在第二段说,当时民权运动致使律师们对美国的监狱进行了调查,监狱中居住的黑人分布不均,这些律师轮流跟踪囚犯进入比监狱还要糟糕的精神病院——供刑事活动造成的精神病人住的医院。正因为律师们对监狱的状况进行了调查,所以精神病院没能够逃避司法检查。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4056030.html
相关试题推荐
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsi
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsi
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsi
Battlesarelikemarriages.Theyhavecertainfundamentalexperiencetheysh
Battlesarelikemarriages.Theyhavecertainfundamentalexperiencetheysh
Theorganizationprovidesinformationonhealthissuetothepublicatlarge.A、a
Amembershipcardauthorizes____theclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodof12months.
TheprincipaldutyoftheUnitedNationsistosafeguardthepeaceoftheworld.
Inordertocontrolandreduceenvironmentalpollutioncausedbydiscardedw
TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeconcludedthatglobalwarming
随机试题
Lookattheformbelow.Youwillhearawomancallingaboutsomeproblem
It’sagoodideatoapplysunscreenbeforeheadingtothebeachifyoudon’t
[originaltext]FromCaliforniatoConnecticut,babiessitonthelapsofthe
()是指驰名商标的认定效力仅限于特定案件,用于判定具体案件中的侵权行为并给予驰名
属于间断性强化的有()A.固定间隔强化 B.变化间隔强化
下列不属于申请预购商品房抵押权预告登记应当提交的材料是( )。A.房屋所有权证
(2021年真题)下列关于风险控制的说法,错误的是()A.防止损失的实际发生
宏观调控的目标主要有()。A:完善体制 B:充分就业 C:价格稳定 D:
共用题干 G8SummitLeadersoftheGroupofE
第三度房室传导阻滞伴阿-斯综合征的治疗方法是A.心律平静注 B.异丙肾上腺素静
最新回复
(
0
)