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Computerized design, advancfed materials and new technologies are being used

游客2025-04-24  58
问题    Computerized design, advancfed materials and new technologies are being used to produce machines of a type never seen before.
   It looks as if it came straight from the set of Star Wars.  It has four-wheel drive and rises above rocky surfaces. It lowers and raises its nose when going up and down hills. And when it comes to a river, it turns amphibious: two hydrojets power it along by blasting water under its body. There is room for two passengers and a driver, who sit inside a glass bubble operating electronic, aircraft-type controls. A vehicle so daring on land and water needs windscreen wipers--but it doesn’t have any. Water molecules are disintegrated on the screen’s surface by ultrasonic sensors.
   This unusual vehicle is the Racoon. It is an invention not of Hollywood but of Renault, a rather conservative French state-owned carmaker, better known for its family hatchbacks. Renault built the Racoon to explore new freedoms for designers and engineers created by advances in materials and manufacturing processes. Renault is thinking about startlingly different cars; other producers have radical new ideas for trains, boats and aeroplanes.
   The first of the new freedoms is in design. Powerful computer-aided design (CAD) systems can replace with a click of a computer mouse hours of laborious work done on thousands of drawing boards. So new products, no matter how complicated, can be developed much faster. For the first time, Boeing will not have to build a giant replica of its new airliner, the 777, to make sure all the bits fit together. Its CAD sys- tem will take care of that.
   But Renault is taking CAD further. It claims the Racoon is the world’s first vehicle to be designed within the digitized world of virtual reality. Complex programs were used to imitate the vehicle and the land that it was expected to cross. This allowed a team led by Patrick Le Qucment, Renault’s industrial-design director, to "drive" it long before a prototype existed.
   Renault is not alone in thinking that virtual reality will transform automotive de- sign. In Detroit, Ford is also investigating its potential. Jack Telnac, the firm’s bead of design, would like designers in different parts of the world to work more closely together, linked by computers. They would do more than style cares. Virtual reality will allow engineers to peer inside the working parts of a vehicle. Designers will watch bearings move, oil flow, gears mesh and hydraulics pump. As these techniques catch on, even stranger vehicles are likely to come along.
   Transforming these creations from virtual reality to actual reality will also become easier, especially with advances in materials. Firms that once bashed everything out of steel now find that new alloys of composite materials (which can be made from mixtures of plastic, resin, ceramics and metals, reinforced with fibers such as glass of carbon) are changing the rules of manufacturing. At the same time, old materials keep getting better, as their producers try to secure their place in the factory of the future.  This competition is increasing the pace of development of all materials.
   With composites, it is possible to build many different parts into a single component. Fiat, Italy’s biggest car maker has worked out that it could reduce the number of components needed in one of its car bodies from 150 to 16 by using a composite shell rather than one made of steel. Aircraft and cars may increasingly be assembled as if they were plastic kits. [br] Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an ingredient of composite?
选项 A、Plastic.
B、Resin.
C、Glass.
D、Steel.
答案 D
解析 倒数第2段在讲述composite material时列举了plastic，resin, ceramics and metals。选项D中的steel不包含在内，而从后文，如by using a composite shell rather than one made of steel可将组件需求数日从150减少到16，也可看出steel与composite不是同类事物。
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