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  3. Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critic

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critic

游客2025-04-23  53
问题     Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick H in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
    All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
    Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.  Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
    Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which be can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
    Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
    But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.  [br] Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
选项 A、The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B、Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
C、The child’s brain is highly selective.
D、Most children learn their language in definite stages.
答案 B
解析 A(说话的才能与生俱来)与最后一段第一句的意思相同；C(儿童的大脑有很强的选择能力)与倒数第二段最后一句的意思相同；D(大多数儿童在一定的阶段学习语言)与第三段第四句的意思相同。而B(孩子在学习语言的过程中完全不需要鼓励)恰好与最后一段的第一句的意思相悖。最后一段第一句说，但是言语还必须诱导，这取决于母亲和孩子之间的相互交流，在这种交流中母亲意识到孩子咿呀学语、抓抱和微笑中所要表示的信息，并对此作出反应。
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