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  3. Another test was done with slightly older infants at bedtime. In some groups

Another test was done with slightly older infants at bedtime. In some groups

游客2025-04-20  10
问题     Another test was done with slightly older infants at bedtime. In some groups the room was silent; in others recorded lullabies were played. In others a ticking metronome was operating at the heart-beat speed of 72 beats per minute. In still others the heart-beat recording itself was played. It was then checked to see which groups fell asleep more quickly. The heart-beat group dropped off in half the time it took for any of the other groups. This not only clinches the idea that the sound of the heart beating is a powerfully calming stimulus, but it also shows that the response is a highly specific one. The metronome imitation will not do—at least, not for young infants. So it seems fairly certain that this is the explanation of the mother’s left-side approach to baby-holding. It is interesting that when 466 Madonna and child paintings (dating back over several hundred years) were analyzed for this feature, 373 of them showed the baby on the left breast. Here again the figure was at the 80 per cent level. This contrasts with observations of females carrying parcels, where it was found that 50 per cent carried them on the left and 50 per cent on the right.
    What other possible results could this heart-beat imprinting have? It may, for example, explain why we insist on locating feelings of love in the heart rather than the head. As the song says: "You gotta have a heart!" It may also explain why mothers rock their babies to lull them to sleep. The rocking motion is carried on at about the same speed as the heart-beat, and once again it probably ’reminds’ the infants of the rhythmic sensations they became so familiar with inside the womb, as the great heart of the mother pumped and thumped away above them.
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答案     另一个试验是在就寝时间做的，对象是稍大一些的婴儿。一些组的房间是安静的；一些组则放着录制的催眠曲。另一些组有节拍器按每分钟72次的心跳速率在滴答滴答响着；还有一些组则放送心跳本身的录音。接着进行检查，看哪一组入睡较快。听心跳声的组仅用了其他任一组的一半时间就进入了梦乡。这不仅证实了心跳声是强有力的安定因素这一想法，而且还表明：反应是毫不含糊的。节拍器的模拟不起作用——至少，对幼儿不起作用。因此，看来相当可信，这正是母亲左侧怀抱婴儿方式的解释。有趣的是，当人们为证实这一特点而对466幅圣母圣婴图(可追溯到数百年之前)进行分析时，其中有373幅显示婴儿是在左胸前的。这里的数目又一次在80%的水平。这与所观察到的女性提物情况正好形成鲜明对照。观察发现，50%的妇女在左侧提物，而50%在右侧提物。
    这种对心跳声难以磨灭的印象还能引出何种其他结果吗?可以，例如，解释为什么我们坚持认为爱的感情在于心而不在于头。正如歌谣中所说：“你得有颗心哟!”它也能解释为什么母亲总是摇晃婴儿来哄他们入睡。这摇晃的动作的速度与心跳速度大致合拍，而这或许又一次使婴儿“回忆”起他们在子宫内时如此熟悉的节奏感——母亲的强大的心脏在他们上方不断张缩、卜卜作响所产生的节奏感。
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