Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the pro

游客2025-04-14 20

问题 Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of back groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seen to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence of by borrowing them from other languages or adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness("this" and "that"). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. [br] "Backward" languages fall behind Western languages in______.

选项 A、ways to transfer ideas
B、forms to satisfy needs
C、abilities to answer description
D、systems to expand vocabulary

答案 D

解析根据文章第二段第四句“They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures，which usually are fully adequate for all language needs，but only in their vocabularies，which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers．”可知，这些语言与西方语言的相同之处就是在声音模式或语法结构上都能充分满足各种表达需求。而二者的区别在于词汇方面，说话人清楚他们所反映的对象和行为。据此判断，答案是D。

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