2. 职称英语
  3. In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than

In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than

游客2025-04-14  28
问题     In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country — from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985 — that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.
    This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farming — at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.
    If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive — or even to remain "developed". The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.
    This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of "robotization" or "automation". This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man — hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three years — far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines — that is, by the products of knowledge. [br] According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates______.
选项 A、the degree to which a country’s production is robotized
B、a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries
C、a worsening relationship between labor and management
D、the difference between a developed country and a developing country
答案 A
解析 细节推理题。原文尾段指出，美国正在加速自动化的进程，接着又举例说明由于自动化的出现，节省厂劳动力资源。由此可以推断出，自动化的出现势必会减少工业生产中劳动力的数量。因此，机械工业劳动力的减少说明了自动化的程度加深了。故答案为A。
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