首页
登录
职称英语
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world econo
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world econo
游客
2025-04-09
35
管理
问题
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts",says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such fights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow,but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world,in short,because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says.
"Certain simple economic activities,such as food gathering and making handicrafts,rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities,such as the mass production of goods,require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive,but it is really property-intensive", Olson observes.
"No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits,whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions,the way a dog possesses a bone,but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."
Would-be entrepreneurs.no matter how small,also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact,the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks...,if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us,and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view,but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather,the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights.there are strong incentives(刺激,动力)to produce,invest,and engage in mutually advantageous trade,and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes. [br] According to Olson,what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
选项
A、government intervention
B、lack of secure individual rights
C、being short of capital
D、lack of a free market
答案
B
解析
本题的四个选项中,只有B项正确。这可以从文中的最后一段推出,即Olson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个人权利,也就没有动力去创造财富。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4033875.html
相关试题推荐
Mostoftheyoungpeopleholdthemistakenbeliefthatgoodsproducedinourown
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
Peoplethought:Hey,eatacarpandyouwillbetakingin(what)itisthatgive
Smog-chokedSouthernCalifornia(demands)them.It’saCarforpeoplewhonever
MillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStatessufferfrom______backpainthatcomes
Somepeople______inpartthedefeatoftherevolutioninFranceandGermanyto
Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor_______thanother
随机试题
______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidly
[originaltext]W:Haveyouevervisitedaredwoodforest?Irecentlyhadachanc
Questions1-5DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinRe
下面符合灭火剂储存装置的安装要求的有:()A.储存容器的支、框架应固定牢靠,并
期望收益率为12%的充分分散投资组合,无风险利率是4%,市场组合收益率是8%,标
绞窄性肠梗阻的临床表现,错误的是A.出现腹膜刺激征 B.持续剧痛无缓解 C.
阿片受体的特异性拮抗药是A、美沙酮 B、芬太尼 C、纳洛酮 D、烯丙吗啡
CD4分子主要表达在哪一种细胞上A.中性粒细胞B.NK细胞C.辅助性T细胞(Th
下列人员中,不能作为第一顺序继承人的是( )。A.配偶 B.父母 C.对公
下列关于消防常识的表述,不正确的是:A.煤气泄漏充满室内时,应首先打开门窗通风
最新回复
(
0
)