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Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

游客2025-04-06  11
问题     Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human beings. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.
    An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, most distinctive feature—the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.
    The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750 000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.
    To appreciate fully the diversity of abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100 000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larva’s or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more. [br] Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?
选项 A、Ocean life is highly adaptive.
B、Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.
C、The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.
D、More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.
答案 D
解析 要更加注意保护海洋物种和栖息地。第一段后半部分说，关于地球上生物多样性的问题，已有大量的著述，尤其是与热带雨林特别丰富的生物有关的著述。然而，就海洋生物的多样性而言，则著述甚少。言下之意是：陆地上的生物，尤其是热带雨林中的生物受到了很好的保护，但海洋生物及其栖息地未受到很好的保护。
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