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Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least withi

游客2025-04-02  7
问题     Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated this revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but to help us sleep and feel better. "It’s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, "If you don’t like it, change it."
    Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is specially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
    The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
    And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
    At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning. [br] What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
选项 A、Lead your life as usual.
B、Seek professional help.
C、Exercise conscious control.
D、Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
答案 A
解析 本题可参照文章的最后一段。从中可知，可能很少有什么理由使我们关注自己的梦，除非那些梦使我们无法睡眠，或者“我们在恐慌中惊醒”，Cartwright说。恐怖主义、经济的不确定性以及通常的不安全感加重了人们的焦虑。那些持续遭受噩梦折磨的人应当寻求治疗专家的帮助。对其余的人来说，大脑有它自己化解恶劣情绪的办法。放心地睡觉——或者尽管去做梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好一些。据此可知，Cartwright认为不经常做噩梦的人没有必要担心。A项与Cartwright的观点相符，因此A项为正确答案。
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