首页
登录
职称英语
For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings
For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings
游客
2025-03-28
32
管理
问题
For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings and pathology. The very idea of psychotherapy, first formalized by Freud, rests on a view of human beings as troubled creatures in need of repair. Freud himself was profoundly pessimistic about human nature, which he felt was governed by deep, dark drives that we could hardly control. The scientists who followed developed a model of human life that seemed to many mechanical if not robotic: humans were passive beings harshly shaped by the stimuli and the rewards and punishments that surrounded them.
After World War Ⅱ, psychologists tried to explain how so many ordinary citizens could have agreed with fascism, and did work symbolized in the 1950 classic The Authoritarian Personality by T.W. Adorno, et al. Social psychologists followed on. Some of the most famous experiments proved that normal folk could become coldly insensitive to suffering when obeying "legitimate" orders or cruelly aggressive when playing the role of prison guard.
A watershed moment arrived in 1998, when University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin Seligman, in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, urged psychology to "turn toward understanding and building the human strengths to complement our emphasis on healing damage." That speech launched today’s positive psychology movement.
Though not denying humanity’s flaws, the new positive psychologists recommend focusing on people’s strengths and virtues as a point of departure. Rather than analyze the psychopathology underlying alcoholism, for example, positive psychologists might study the toughness of those who have managed a successful recovery--for example, through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous. Instead of viewing religion as a delusion and a support, as did Freud, they might identify the mechanisms through which a spiritual practice like meditation enhances mental and physical health. Their lab experiments might seek to define not the conditions that induce wicked behavior, but those that foster generosity, courage, creativity, and laughter.
Seligman’s idea quickly caught on. The Gallup Organization founded the Gallup Positive Psychology Institute to sponsor scholarly work in the field. In 1999, 60 scholars gathered for the first Gallup Positive Psychology Summit; two years later, the conference went international, and ever since has drawn about 400 attendees annually. [br] What does the passage say about positive psychology?
选项
A、It stresses that human nature is perfect.
B、It rejects the role of religion.
C、It began in 1998.
D、It began in 1950.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4015858.html
相关试题推荐
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Formuchofitshistory,psychologyhasseemedobsessedwithhumanfailings
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
HeseemedinsuchaninconsolablestatethatIdidn’tknowwhethertoleaveors
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryof
AccordingtopsychologyprofessorCarolDweckofStanfordUniversity,"Prais
AccordingtopsychologyprofessorCarolDweckofStanfordUniversity,"Prais
随机试题
AsthemerchantmanclassexpandedintheeighteenthcenturyNorth1.______.
防火墙不具备()功能A.包过滤 B.查毒 C.记录访问过程 D
了解施工设备和成桩工艺,施工过程中曾发生过的各种事故和处理情况对判别基桩质量是十
小导管注浆是浅埋暗挖隧道超前支护的一种措施,其应用条件有()。A、在软弱、破碎
下列数据类型中,适合制作地貌晕渲图的是()。A.DLG B.DOM C.
A.μ>2 B.0.7<μ<2 C.0.5<μ<0.7 D.μ<0.5
(2021年真题)根据风险压力测试旨在估计出在()情况下银行的风险承受能力
宋代以后,()成为国学,儒家经典被缩减为“()”、“(
下列哪项无酒炙饮片A.狗脊 B.大黄 C.牛膝 D.白芍 E.黄连
根据《刑法》及有关规定,关于适用假释的说法,正确的是()A.被判处有期徒刑的累
最新回复
(
0
)