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  3. The differences in living standards around the world are vast．In 1993,the avera

The differences in living standards around the world are vast．In 1993,the avera

游客2025-03-21  53
问题  The differences in living standards around the world are vast．In 1993,the average American had an income of about$25，000．In the same year，the average Mexican earned$7，000，and the average Ni- gerian earned$1，500．Not surprisingly，this large variation in average income is reflected in variou8 measures of the quality of life．Changes in living standards over time are also large．In the United States， incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year(after adjusting for changes in the cost of living)．At this rate，average income doubles every 35 years．In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid.In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years．
What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time?The an— swer is surprisingly simple．Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries’productivity--that is，the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time．In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living；in nations where workers are less productive，most people must en- dure a more meager existence．Similarly，the growth rate of a nation’s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income．
The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple，but its implica— tions are far-reaching．If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards，other explanations must be of secondary importance．For example，people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American wor~ters over the past century．Yet the real hem of American workers is their rising productivity．
The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for pubhc pel- icy．When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards,the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services．To improve living standards，policy makers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated，have the tools needed to produce goods and services，and have access to the best available technology．
选项 A、Mexico．
B、The United States．
C、Japan．
D、South Korea.
答案 D
解析 历史上下面哪个国家经济的发展最快?A．墨西哥B．美国C．日本D．南韩 线索：答案在文章首段的末尾：“Al this rate，average income doubles every 35 years．In some countries。economic growth has been even more rapid.In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years．”文章先提到 在美国，人均收入每35年翻一番，接着指出在一些国家，经济增长速度更快，可见经济增长速 度与人均收入增长是成正比的，即人均收人增长越快，就说明经济增长速度越快。根据后面的例子，日本人均收入20年翻一番，而韩国则只需10年，由此可推知，South Korea的经济增 长速度最快。
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