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  3. IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person’s intelli

IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person’s intelli

游客2025-03-18  28
问题     IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test.
    In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet (1857—1911), devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a standard of intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of "mental age. "
    First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child. Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he had a mental age of nine.
    The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists with the required standard. It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age. Some however, the "mental ratio" was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0. 75.
    The mental age was replaced by the intelligence quotient or "IQ". Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is 100.  [br] The word "norm" (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to______.
选项 A、age
B、test
C、standard
D、score
答案 C
解析 本题为词汇题。文中第四、五两段介绍了“IQ”的计算方法。“IQ”得出的数值充分说明了普通孩子的智力是否正常及差距是多少。由此我们可以推测出“norm”一词在这里应为“标准”的意思。另外，第四段第一句中的主语“the concept of mental age”同时也是第二句的主语，第二句的意思是“……根据norm来规定智力测试的分数”。“norm”在这里与“standard”同义。最后，根据构词法我们也可以找到答案。“norm”是“normal”(标准的)名词形式，可用“转化式”构词法，去掉形容词尾“al”，得到“标准”的名词形式。
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