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  3. It was once assumed that all living things could be divided into two fundame

It was once assumed that all living things could be divided into two fundame

游客2025-02-26  14
问题     It was once assumed that all living things could be divided into two fundamental and exhaustive categories. Multicellular plants and animals, as well as many unicellular organisms, are eukary-otic—their large, complex cells have a well-formed nucleus and many organelles. On the other hand, the true bacteria are prokaryotic cell, which are simple and lack a nucleus. The distinction between eukaryotes and bacteria, initially defined in terms of subcellular structures visible with a microscope, was ultimately carried to the molecular level. Here prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many features in common. For instance, they translate genetic information into proteins according to the same type of genetic coding. But even where the molecular processes are the same, the details in the two forms are different and characteristic of the respective forms. For example, the amino acid sequences of various enzymes tend to be typically prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The differences between the groups and the similarities within each group made it seem certain to most biologists that the tree of life had only two stems. Moreover, arguments pointing out the extent of both structural and functional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteria convinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common ancestor before the bacteria arose.
    Although much of this picture has been sustained by more recent research, it seems fundamentally wrong in one re- spect. Among the bacteria, there are organisms that are significantly different both from the cells of eukaryotes and from the true bacteria, and it now appears that there are three stems in the tree of life. New techniques for determining the molecular sequence of the RNA of organisms have produced evolutionary information about the degree to which organisms are related, the time since they diverged from a common ancestor, and the reconstruction of ancestral versions of genes. These techniques have strongly suggested that although the true bacteria indeed form a large co- herent group, certain other bacteria, the archaebacteria, which are also prokaryotes and which resemble true bacteria, represent a distinct evolutionary branch that far antedates the com- mon ancestor of all true bacteria. [br] All of the following statements are supported by the passage EXCEPT:
选项 A、True bacteria form a distinct evolutionary group.
B、Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that resemble true bacteria.
C、True bacteria and eukaryotes employ similar types of genetic coding.
D、True bacteria and eukaryotes are distinguishable at the subcellular level.
E、Amino acid sequences of enzymes are uniform for eukaryotic and prokary-otic organisms.
答案 E
解析 以下哪个观点不被原文支持?A．真细菌是独自的进化组。二分、三分都同意此点。B．原细菌是类似于真细菌的原核生物。见L56—58。C．真细菌和真核生物有相似基因密码形式。见L17一19。D．真细菌和真核生物可在分子级别区分。见第10题。E．正确。真核生物、真细菌中酶的氨基酸序列都一样。这和原文记述相反，见123—26及第10题E。
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