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Images from ground-based telescopes are invariably distorted by the Earth’s atmo

游客2025-02-25  16
问题 Images from ground-based telescopes are invariably distorted by the Earth’s atmosphere. Orbiting space telescopes, however, operating above Earth’s atmosphere, should provide superbly detailed images. Therefore, ground-based telescopes will soon become obsolete for advanced astronomical research purposes.
Which of the following statements, if true, would cast the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
选项 A、An orbiting space telescope due to be launched this year is far behind schedule and over budget, whereas the largest ground-based telescope was both within budget and on schedule.
B、Ground-based telescopes located on mountain summits are not subject to the kinds of atmospheric distortion which, at low altitudes, make stars appear to twinkle.
C、By careful choice of observatory location, it is possible for large-aperture telescopes to avoid most of the kind of wind turbulence that can distort image quality.
D、When large-aperture telescopes are located at high altitudes near the equator, they permit the best Earth-based observations of the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, a prime target of astronomical research.
E、Detailed spectral analyses, upon which astronomers rely for determining the chemical composition and evolutionary history of stars, require telescopes with more light-gathering capacity than space telescopes can provide.
答案 E
解析 Argument Evaluation
Situation Earth’s atmosphere distorts images from ground-based telescopes, whereas space telescopes orbiting above the atmosphere should provide superbly detailed images.
Reasoning What evidence would undermine the claim that ground-based telescopes will soon become obsolete for advanced astronomical research? The argument implicitly assumes that advanced astronomical research can be accomplished more effectively with the more detailed, less distorted images produced by space telescopes and that therefore almost all advanced astronomical research will soon be conducted with space telescopes. This reasoning would be undermined by evidence that ground-based telescopes have substantial advantages for advanced astronomical research despite their distorted images or by evidence that space telescopes will not soon become common or affordable enough to support most advanced astronomical research.
A Even if this is true, there may be several orbiting space telescopes that will be, or have been, launched on schedule and within budget, so this option does not cast doubt on the conclusion of the argument.
B Ground-based telescopes on mountain summits are still subject to more atmospheric distortion than are space telescopes orbiting above the atmosphere.
C Atmospheric distortion of telescopic images may result mainly from factors other than wind turbulence.
D Even the best Earth-based observations of the center of the Milky Way Galaxy may be vastly inferior to space-based observations.
E Correct. This indicates an inherent limitation of space-based telescopes: unlike Earth-based telescopes, they lack the light-gathering capacity that astronomers need to perform one of their primary tasks, i.e., detailed spectral analyses. So Earth-based telescopes are unlikely to soon become obsolete.
The correct answer is E.
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