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  3. The Quechua world is submerged, so to speak, in a cosmic magma tha

The Quechua world is submerged, so to speak, in a cosmic magma tha

游客2025-02-21  34
问题          The Quechua world is submerged, so to speak,
     in a cosmic magma that weighs heavily upon it.
     It possesses the rare quality of being as it were
Line interjected into the midst of antagonistic forces,
(5) which in turn implies a whole body of social and
     aesthetic structures whose innermost meaning
     must be the administration of energy. This gives
     rise to the social organism known as the ayllu, the
     agrarian community that regulates the procure-
(10) ment of food. The ayllu formed the basic struc-
     ture of the whole Inca empire.
        The central idea of this organization was a
     kind of closed economy, just the opposite of our
     economic practices, which can be described as
(15) open. The closed economy rested on the fact that
     the Inca controlled both the production and con-
     sumption of food. When one adds to this fact the
     religious ideas noted in the Quechua texts cited
     by the chronicler Santa Cruz Pachacuti, one
(20) comes to the conclusion that in the Andean zone
     the margin of life was minimal and was made
     possible only by the system of magic the Quechua
     constructed through his religion. Adversities,
     moreover, were numerous, for the harvest might
(25) fail at any time and bring starvation to millions.
     Hence the whole purpose of the Quechua admin-
     istrative and ideological system was to carry on
     the arduous task of achieving abundance and
     staving off shortages. This kind of structure pre-
(30) supposes a state of unremitting anxiety, which
     could not be resolved by action. The Quechua
     could not do so because his primordial response
     to problems was the use of magic, that is,
     recourse to the unconscious for the solution of
(35) external problems. Thus the struggle against the
     world was a struggle against the dark depths of
     the Quechua’s own psyche, where the solution
     was found. By overcoming the unconscious, the
     outer world was also vanquished.
(40)   These considerations permit us to classify
     Quechua culture as absolutely static or, more
     accurately, as the expression of a mere state of
     being. Only in this way can we understand the
     refuge that it took in the germinative center of the
(45) cosmic mandala as revealed by Quechua art. The
     Quechua empire was nothing more than a man-
     dala, for it was divided into four zones, with
     Cuzco in the center. Here the Quechua ensconced
     himself to contemplate the decline of the world as
(50) though it were caused by an alien and
     autonomous force. [br] The term "mandala" as used in the last paragraph most likely means
选项 A、an agrarian community
B、a kind of superstition
C、a closed economic pattern
D、a philosophy or way of regarding the world
E、a figure composed of four divisions
答案 E
解析
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