首页
登录
职称英语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28 - 41 which are based on Readin
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28 - 41 which are based on Readin
游客
2025-02-17
31
管理
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28 - 41 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
TOURISM
A Tourism, holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have considered. On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book. And indeed since social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics, such as work or politics, it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking. However, there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance. This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others. The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of ’ normal’ societies. It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to tourism.
B Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organised work. It is one manifestation of how work and leisure are organised as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in ’modern’ societies. Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being ’ modern ’ and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organised within particular places and occurs for regularised periods of time. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work and are of a short-term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to return ’home’ within a relatively short period of time.
C A substantial proportion of the population of modern societies engages in such tourist practices; new socialised forms of provision have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation, especially through daydreaming and fantasy, of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those customarily encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming.
D Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning, with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People linger over these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs, postcards, films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured.
E One of the earliest dissertations on the subject of tourism is Boorstin’s analysis of the ’pseudo-event’(1964)where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience ’ reality ’ directly but thrive on ’ pseudo-events’. Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in inauthentic contrived attractions, gullibly enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside. Over time the images generated of different tourist sights come to constitute a closed self-perpetuating system of illusions which provide the tourist with the basis for selecting and evaluating potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the ’ environmental bubble’ of the familiar American-style hotel which insulates the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment.
F To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at. These objects or places are located in a complex and changing hierarchy. This depends upon the interplay between, on the one hand, competition between interests involved in the provision of such objects and, on the other hand, changing class, gender, and generational distinctions of taste within the potential population of visitors. It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the ’ modern experience’. Not to ’go away’ is like not possessing a car or a nice house. Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations.
Questions 28 - 32
Reading Passage 3 has 6 paragraphs(A - F). Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers(/ - IX)in boxes 28 ~ 32 on your answer sheet. Paragraph D has been done for you as an example.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them. You may use any heading more than once.
List of Headings
i The politics of tourism
ii The cost of tourism
iii Justifying the study of tourism
iV Tourism contrasted with travel
V The essence of modern tourism
Vi Tourism versus leisure
Vii The artificiality of modern tourism
Viii The role of modern tour guides
IX Creating an alternative to the everyday experience [br] Paragraph F
选项
答案
Viii
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3960635.html
相关试题推荐
Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theideathatpianistsshouldbemusician-schola
Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theideathatpianistsshouldbemusician-schola
Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theideathatpianistsshouldbemusician-schola
Thatcritic’swritingissoobscureanddensethatuponfirstreading,onefinds
Believingthatscientistsshould(i)______thepublicaboutimportantscientific
Raul’sgame-winninggoalintheclosingminutesofthegame______hiswell-known
Theconclusionofsuchavastandcomplexbookshouldhavecontaineda(i)______
Ascientistshouldnotautomaticallyrejectfolkwaysthatmightatfirstseemsi
Scientistsshouldhopethefaultsintheirtheorieswillbe_______theirpeers
Individualfreedomofthoughtshouldbe(i)______moreabsolutelythanindividua
随机试题
Thispartistotestyourabilitytodopracticalwriting.Youarerequiredtow
Ifallthepeopleagreeonthe(suggest)______plan,weshallholdthesportsmee
Scientistshavebegunusingsatellite-basedsystemstopredictvolcanicerup
HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,"Theb
2019年全球太空经济规模增至3660亿美元,较2018年增长1.7%,其中全球
材料一:为进一步支持实体经济发展,优化流动性结构,降低融资成本,中国人民银行决定
被称为“课程评价之父”的教育家是()。 A.杜威 B.斯塔弗尔比姆 C.泰
患者,男,46岁。右侧腮腺反复肿大2年。自述每于进食时右侧腮腺憋胀感,并伴轻微疼
下列各项中,应计入固定资产成本的有( )。A.工程人员的工资 B.生产车间为工
根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》,工程监理单位在实施监理过程中,发现存在安全隐患
最新回复
(
0
)