首页
登录
职称英语
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars h
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars h
游客
2024-12-15
24
管理
问题
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studies of gang characteristics. Police files record everything from the face that the Crips in Los Angeles wear blue while rival Bloods wear red to intricate details of the Satanic rituals and grave desecrations committed by white gangs known as "atones" or "heavy metalers." These and other rituals make it clear that youth gangs ate fat more than mere social clubs or business organizations--they are highly developed subcultures.
The key determinant of gang’s culture is the neighborhood, known bu blacks and Hispanic gangs members as "the’ hood." Hispanic gangs, especially, identify strong with their "barrios," swatches of land often sandwiched between freeways and railroad tracks in which the same gang might have lived and fought for several generations.
The nature of the hood can make a difference in how police approach gang crime. Hispanic gangs that sell drugs ate more likely to consummate deals with friends and acquaintances inside selected shops, restaurants, or apartments, according to San Francisco gang researcher Dan Waldorf. Doing business this way requires police to have insider knowledge -- to know a gang’s secret hand signals, for example. Black gangs, by contrast, usually make sales out in the open, often to strange, in front of housing projects or small stores.
A gang’s name also reveals much. Names are often designed to inspire gear (as in New York’s Savage Nomads), to boast about a gang’s modus operandi (Miami’s Mazda Boys steal Mazda cars) or to celebrate the gang’s street or housing project (as in the Main Street Crips or the 11-Dwuce Hoovers in the neighborhood of 112th and Hoover Streets in Los Angles). In many cities, police seek to avoid publicizing the names of gangs because, as Boston police spokesman Scott Gillis said, "it gives them undue notoriety."
The dress codes and colors provide further evidence that gangs are determined to thrive in their own cultures -- gang members persist in wearing their distinctive colors even though it helps police keep track of them. Today’s gang members frequently wear baggy Khaki pants riding low on the hips, patterns shaved into their heads, a single glove or earring, and shoelaces laced to one side or the other. They also have sport bandannas and colored rags hanging from their back pockets. Many have cigarette burns on their hands to signify courage, while other display knife cuts. Tattoos are popular with black gangs. Some members wear rapper-style sunglasses and "cake cutter" combs with sharp metal tines.
Quite often they wear expensive sneakers (the BK on British Knights means "Blood Killer" to the Crips) Hats and jackets with the names of rival professional football teams have been known to provoke fights between gangs. Asian gangs ate known to color and spray their hair in bizarre styles, a disguise that can be altered quickly by the wind as their speeding car leaves the scene of crime.
Graffiti is thought to be the essence of gang membership, the essence of gang fear. For many gangs, the act of marketing graffiti is a declaration of control of a neighborhood. Defacing a rival gang’s graffiti can provoke deadly retaliation. Common images in graffiti include pitchforks, guns, dollars signs, Profanity, and sometimes the name of a targeted shooting victim. Hispanic graffiti is characterized by stylized, three-dimensional or block lettering with serifs. Black graffiti, L. A. police say, has fewer flourishes.
Gang cultures can be highly ceremonial. Many gangs have daunting initiation rites that require an aspiring member to steal car, fight the gang’s leaders, or participate in a drive-by shooting. Gang marriage ceremonies have also been recorded; one in New York City involved the sharing of blood from knife cuts and the pouring of a can of beer over the couple’s heads. At gang funerals, a booklet with photos and a rhyming tribute to the deceased is often distributed.
Though the vast majority of gang members are male, many. gangs have female associates, and there are some all-female gangs. (Los Angeles often gang is said to have 20-30female gangs.) Female members often hide and protect male members, or carry concealed weapons or narcotics for them, police say, because they are less likely to be searched. They also cater gang parties. Gang girls are often the objects of fights between jealous rival gangs. They are sometimes used as sexual lures, and are often expected to provide sex to multiple gang members.
Female gang members are often teen mothers with drug problems who, faced with the alternative of prostitution, use gangs to support themselves. Though they are increasingly as prone to fighting as male gang members, female continue to play a secondary role in most gangs. As a 19-year-old Hispanic gang member form Santa Ana said: "We’re the ones who take care of the’ hood; we protect them. They ain’t got nothing to say." [br] It may be said that youth gangs are different from other organizations because ______.
选项
A、they follow unwritten codes of behavior
B、their clothing symbolizes their values
C、they separate themselves from mainstream society
D、they adhere to Satanic laws
答案
C
解析
细节题。正解在第一段的最后一句话,“These and other rituals make it clear that youth gangs are far more than mere social clubs or business organizations…”,就是说他们不同于社会一下主流机构组织。据此可选出C答案。其他三个选项都不是他们的特殊所在之处。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3876061.html
相关试题推荐
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsande
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsande
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsande
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsande
AcoupleofyearsagoagroupofmanagementscholarsfromYaleandtheUnive
AcoupleofyearsagoagroupofmanagementscholarsfromYaleandtheUnive
AcoupleofyearsagoagroupofmanagementscholarsfromYaleandtheUnive
Intryingtounderstandandcontrolyouthgangs,investigatorsandscholarsh
Intryingtounderstandandcontrolyouthgangs,investigatorsandscholarsh
Intryingtounderstandandcontrolyouthgangs,investigatorsandscholarsh
随机试题
Inthepasttwentyyears,therehasbeenanincreasingtendencyforworkers
Sleep1.HowmuchsleepdoweneedRecommendedamountforadults:【T1】hours【T1】__
根据能源消费量统计原则,对于反复循环使用的能源,消费量只计算一次。()
交通性睾丸鞘膜积液哪项是正确的A.平卧后鞘膜积液会逐渐缩小 B.透光试验阴性
患儿男,出生3天。发现心脏杂音,哭吵后口周青紫,无抽搐。体检:胸骨左缘第1~2肋
母乳中含有可阻止肠道内病原体进入肠黏膜的物质,该物质是A.IgM抗体 B.分泌
甲公司作为卖方同乙公司签订出口合同一份,采用可撤销信用证付款方式。甲公司以开证行
短时记忆中的信息是()。A:不能被意识到的B:一种内隐信息C:能被意识到的
张某对王某享有50000元债权,已到清偿期限,但王某一直宣称无能力清偿欠款。张某
下列有关持有待售的非流动资产或处置组的计量,表述正确的有( )。 A.已抵减
最新回复
(
0
)