Besides concerns about how ads affect individuals, critics have raised ethi

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问题 Besides concerns about how ads affect individuals, critics
have raised ethical issues about how advertising affects society.
For example, J. K. Galbraith argued that advertising creates the
desires that the production of consumer goods then satisfy. Others【M1】______
accuse advertising for creating a materialistic society full of【M2】______
people think that happiness lies in owning things and who are【M3】______
obsessed with buying consumer goods. These critics think we are
creating a society in which private goods are plentiful and in【M4】______
which public goods, which are seldom advertised, are ignored—a
society rich in private cars but whose highways and streets are
disintegrating. Ads drive selfish consumption on the expense of【M5】______
friendship, community, art, and truth. Furthermore, advertising
allows the system to "buy off" political unsatisfied people with【M6】______
promises and consumer goods, leading to political apathy and the
undermining of democracy. However, there are many who think
these sorts of criticisms exaggerate the impact of ads on society.
Major social changes are caused by advertising; ads follow【M7】______
social trends, and they don’t create them. This debate centers on two
perhaps resolvable issues. First, there is the empirical question of【M8】______
how much impact advertising has on society; this is difficult to
answer because the effect of ads cannot be separated from other
social forces, and because it is hard to determine whether ads
cause or follow social trends. Second, there is the ethical question of
whether the purported effects, such as materialism, are morally
objective. Perhaps it is more helpful to look at specific issues【M9】______
rather than the social impact of advertising in the general.【M10】______ [br] 【M7】

选项

答案 ∧caused一not

解析语篇错误。第二段谈论了社会变革和广告之间的关系。原句表示“主要的社会变革是由广告引起的”，而第二分句提到，广告遵循社会趋势而不是创造社会趋势，很明显两句话之间是矛盾的。而根据第一段最后一句的提示(然而很多人认为这些批评夸大了广告对社会的影响)，可知错误的是第一分句，故将第一句改为否定含义，增加not，使上下文语义完整通顺。

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