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  3. The term "folk custom "is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to

The term "folk custom "is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to

游客2024-11-25  16
问题     The term "folk custom "is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to refer to those shared patterns of behaviors in a particular folk group. Those patterns of behaviors are regarded as the traditional and established ways of members of the particular folk group. Folk custom is transmitted by word of mouth, demonstration or imitation. The folklore and folk customs of England are rich and varied. Many customs are ancient, passed down, generation to generation from our Germanic and Celtic ancestors. Others are more modern creations
    One of the greatest problems in assessing most accounts of folk customs is that they tend to give only the antiquary’s point of view. After all, to most observers, the people they were looking at were simple and illiterate, unmindful of the true significance of the customs they had preserved. Why question them at length if they didn’t understand the essential nature of what they were doing? So a folklorist is likely to emphasize aspects of a tradition which reflect his or her own interests or which fit in with preconceived ideas, while possibly ignoring or giving only passing mention to aspects which may, in fact, be of equal importance.
    One aspect which generally gets left out of accounts is the viewpoint of the participants themselves: for instance, why they indulge in a particular activity at a particular time of year or of their lives and what feelings they experience while doing so. And now, ideas deriving from folklore studies are so widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude of the participants in a custom. So the folklorist is rather like a man staring at a scene in a mirror who must be aware, to fully understand that scene, that his own reflection is a major part of what he is looking at.
    It is, however, also true to say that many contemporary students of folklore are fully aware of the problems which beset their enquiries. Like true scientists they draw their conclusions by looking at available evidence, rather than selecting evidence which fits in with existing theories. Some have also looked away from the "obviously" ancient and turned their attention to folklore where it thrives, in the social life of modern cities, in industry and sport, etc. They may, for example, end up looking at the lore of the motor car, or of popular music, and at customs which, though they have no hints of paganism, nevertheless have much in common with older activities which do.
    Many folklorists have gradually come to the conclusion that folklore is not necessarily a thing of the past, a relic of ancient and outmoded ways of thinking, but the means by which people try to make sense of the world(or to confront its lack of sense)and try to alleviate boredom and suffering.  [br] What is new about folklorists today?
选项 A、They are now more cautious about the evidence they accept.
B、They want to investigate the more obscure areas of folklore.
C、They are studying the creation of folklore in present-day society.
D、They want to discover the link between paganism and social customs.
答案 C
解析 细节题。第四段第三句指出，一些人不再关注明显的古代民俗学，而是将注意力放在产生于现代城市、工厂、体育等社会生活的民俗。由此可知，现代民俗学家研究现代社会的民俗情况，故[C]为答案。第二句指出，像真正的科学家一样，他们通过获得的证据来得出结论，而不是选择适合现存理论的证据。[A]不符合文意，故排除；文中没有提到民俗学的模糊领域，故排除[B]；末句指出，他们或许最终转向研究现代汽车、流行音乐知识以及其他民俗，这些民俗虽然与异教信仰无关，但却与那些有异教倾向的古老活动有许多共同之处。这里谈论的是结果，并不是目的，故排除[D]。
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