Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committ

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问题    Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 【C1】______  on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 【C2】______  they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 【C3】______  with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 【C4】______  to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 【C5】______ as a rejection of middle-class values.
   Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______  the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 【C7】______  lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 【C8】______  to criticism.
   Changes in the social structure may indirectly 【C9】______  juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 【C10】______  to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 【C11】______  make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 【C12】______  lead more youths into criminal behavior.
   Families have also 【C13】______  changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents 【C14】______  , children are likely to have less supervision at home 【C15】______  was common in the traditional family 【C16】______  .This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 【C17】______  causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 【C18】______  of drags and alcohol, and the growing 【C19】______  of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 【C20】______  a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C9】

选项 A、affect
B、reduce
C、check
D、reflect

答案 A

解析抓住主语changes和宾语crime rates，从语义逻辑来判断，选A项affect(影响)无疑。若用D项 reflect，语义上应当是crime rates “反映”changes，故不妥。

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Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committ

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