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  3. WHATS IN THE AIR?Sulphur dioxide contributes to acid rain, which contaminates r

WHATS IN THE AIR?Sulphur dioxide contributes to acid rain, which contaminates r

游客2024-08-10  42
问题 WHATS IN THE AIR?
Sulphur dioxide contributes to acid rain, which contaminates rivers, streams and lake, causes serious erosion of buildings and endangers wildlife. It also makes breathing problems worse by tightening the tubes which carry air to the lungs.

    Nitrous oxides(nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide gases)cause acid rain and smog! Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that can be carried by blood. Peaks occur during rush hours, and high levels are found inside cars.
    Hydrocarbons are released when fuel is not completely burned. They can be gases or solids.
    Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are gases which form smog. Benzene escapes from the exhaust pipes of cars and from petrol tanks when cars are filling up.
    Ozone is a gas produced naturally in the upper atmosphere. A thin layer of ozone helps to shield the Earth from the sun’ s damaging rays. At ground level, ozone is the main enemy for people with breathing problems. It is created by the effect of sunlight on smog, a reaction which occurs most easily when weather conditions are calm and warm.
    WHERE POLLUTION COMES FROM
    Motor vehicles are the fastest-growing source of air pollution today, pumping out a toxic mixture of health-threatening pollutants. Traffic fumes are largely responsible for the increasing number of smogs which pollute our towns, cities and rural areas.
    Industry: A lot of pollutants are released into the atmosphere by industrial processes. For example , when coal is burnt in power stations to generate electricity, sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides are produced. These are the two major gases which cause acid rain.
    Waste disposal: When rubbish is burned, the smoke and gases produced often contain pollutants such as dioxins, which are a threat to human health and the environment.
    HOW IT AFFECTS YOUR BODY
    High concentrations of ozone and the chemicals released by motor vehicles can lead to serious health problems including irritation of the lungs and a reduced resistance to infection. They also aggravate bronchitis and may even cause cancer. Many pollutants can trigger an asthma attack. During levels of peak pollution, doctors advise sufferers to stay indoors and avoid exercise.
    GRIM FACTS
    Cars produce 15 percent of worldwide greenhouse gases.
    Car ownership is rising in every country. There are now more cars than adults in the USA.
    It is estimated that the number of cars on the world’ s roads will rise to 1. 5 billion in the next 20 years.
    The number of children admitted to hospital with asthma in the UK has more than doubled since 1980.
Questions 66 to 70 : Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage. [br] What are the main illnesses that air pollution causes?
选项
答案 They include irritation of the lungs and a reduced resistance to infection．
解析 (在文中“HOW IT AFFECTS YOUR BODY”部分，开头就指出臭氧和车辆所排放化学物质的集中会导致严重的健康问题，其中包括irritation of the lungs and a reduced resistanceto infection“对肺部产生刺激，并且人体抗感染能力下降”。)
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