首页
登录
职称英语
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
游客
2024-08-08
49
管理
问题
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child’s satisfying experiences at this early age.
Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.
Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that "Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc." Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.
Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered.
In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment’s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.
We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers’ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children’s needs and by their overall attitude. [br] The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs ______.
选项
A、before maternal affection is provided
B、when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environment
C、when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordination
D、as a result of maternal separation
答案
B
解析
倒数第三段It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart.可得知如果婴儿和他们所熟悉的环境分开时就会发生the climax in the development of a sense of trust,故选项B为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3710822.html
相关试题推荐
WhatistheadvantageofthenewtechnologybeingdevelopedbyNurEnergyCompan
WhatistheadvantageofthenewtechnologybeingdevelopedbyNurEnergyCompan
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
WhohasalowerriskofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease?A、Peoplewhohavereceive
随机试题
Ifnot______withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-tempered
WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?A、Alltheguestshadagoodtime.
影响接受学习的关键因素是认知结构中适当的起固定作用的观念的可利用性。()就是先
简述董仲舒、朱熹对儒学发展做出的贡献。
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
患者,男,25岁。一年前出现幻觉、妄想、言语紊乱等症状,诊断为精神分裂症,一直服
在有创面的部位做热湿敷应特别注意( )。A.严格执行无菌操作 B.受敷部位涂
依据()的基本要求,通过系统集成优化,具备全站信息的统一接入、统一存储和统一展示
案例一: 一般资料:?求助者,男性,30岁,公司职员。 案例介绍:求助者由
(2019年真题)当施工项目的实际进度比计划进度提前,但业主不要求提前工期时,适
最新回复
(
0
)