首页
登录
职称英语
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
游客
2024-06-09
48
管理
问题
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (自治城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends (股息) and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had. seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (家长的) system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] The growth of limited liability companies resulted in the separation of______.
选项
答案
capital from management
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3627223.html
相关试题推荐
Forwelloveracentury,onestreetinNewYorkCityhasbeenknownforthe
Forwelloveracentury,onestreetinNewYorkCityhasbeenknownfortheh
Ina21st-centuryworkplace,whatisusedbythebosstomonitorhisemployees’c
It’safactoflifeinthe21st-centuryworkplace:Thebossmaywellbewatch
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
随机试题
Onehundrednewbookstallsthatwillsellnewspapersaswellasbookshavebe
Whoisthewoman?[br][originaltext]M:Excuseme,areyouSallyHarrison’ssi
平键的剖面尺寸b×h是根据()从标准中查取。A.传递转矩的大小 B.载荷特性
根据《建筑工程绿色施工评价标准》GB/T50640-2010,绿色施工是指在保证
锅炉和省煤器安全阀的定压和调整应符合规定。锅炉上装有两个安全阀时,其中的一个按表
失水时表现为神志恍惚、尿少、尿比重降低,属于( )。A.等渗性脱水 B.低渗
为了解大学生创业情况,调查者对5名创业成功的大学生进行了访问和详细调查。这种调查
单项评价方法是以国家、地方的有关法规、标准为依据,评定与估价各评价项目的下列哪项
关于侵占罪的认定(不考虑数额),下列哪些选项是错误的?A:甲将他人停放在车棚内未
某工程合同工期为13个月,绘制的工程网络计划计算工期为10个月。经综合分析确定的
最新回复
(
0
)