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Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the Un

游客2024-06-05  19
问题     Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course (company executives assumed) Americans at home wanted these same familiar, red white and blue brands.  We might buy foreign made cars, or chocolates, or cameras—but household cleaners and detergents ?
    Recently, however, P&G broke with this longstanding tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles.
    Ariel’s appearance in the United States reflects demographic (人口学的) changes making Hispanics (西班牙裔) the nation’s fastest growing ethnic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been "importing" Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. "Hispanics knew this product and wanted it," says P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. "We realized that we couldn’t convince them to buy our other laundry detergents." P&G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too.
    Ariel’s already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona Czechoslovakia’s top detergent(洗涤剂) maker. Ariel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americains have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries.
    Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping changes at Procter Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican managers who view P &G’s business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim Schroeder: "When you met with P &G’s top managers years ago, you wouldn’t have seen a single foreign face. ’ Today, "they could even be in the majority.
    As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign made products and to selling U. S. made products overseas. [br] According to the passage, which of the following is true?
选项 A、Procter & Gamble has to change its one-way flow tradition because of the increased number of its foreign managers.
B、In spite of market changes, Procter & Gamble still sticks to its longstanding tiadition of one way flow innovation.
C、The brands of Pampers, Crest, Ariel, and Cinch reflect the one-way flow tradition of Procter Gamble.
D、Today one may meet more foreign faces in Procter & Gamble than years ago.
答案 D
解析 D选项意为：“比起几年前来，今天能在Procter & Gamble公司看见更多的外国面孔。”第五段最后两句表明：几年前在Procter & Gamble公司的高层管理人员中没有外国人，但现在外国人在公司的高层管理人员中甚至占多数。
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